ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå
Çáíæã ÌÈÊ åÐÇ ÇáãæÖæÚ æÇäÔÇÁ Çááå íäÇá ÇÚÌÇÈßã

ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÃæá : ÊÑßíÈ ÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ


ÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ßãÇ åæ ãÚÑæÝ ÊÊßæä ãä ËáÇË ÃÔíÇÁ ÑÆíÓíÉ :


Subject ...ÇáÝÇÚá

Verb ..ÇáÝÚá

Object ÇáãÝÚæá Èå



æÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáØáÈÉ æÇáØÇáÈÇÊ íÎØÆä Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÊÑßíÈ ÇáÐí áÇíÊÛíÑ Ýåæ ÞÇÚÏÉ ËÇÈÊÉ
ãËÇá Úáì Ðáß :


They study geography ,,,,,,,,åã íÏÑÓæä ÇáÌÛÑÇÝíÇ



They ......Subject

study....Verb


geography...Object

ÅÐÇ ÅÊÈÚäÇ ÇáÊÑÊíÈ ÇáÕÍíÍ
ÃæáÇ ..S

ËÇäíÇ ..V

ËÇáËÇ ....O

ÇáßËíÑæä íÎØÄæä æíÑÊÈæÇ ÇáÌãáÉ ÍÓÈ ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ

ÝíÞæáæä ãËáÇ:


Study they geography

ÅÐÇ ãä ÇáÎØà Ãä äÈÏà ÈÇáÝÚá Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ßãÇ Ýí ÇáÚÑÈí

Ýßá áÛÉ áåÇ ÞæÇÚÏåÇ ÇáÎÇÕÉ ÈåÇ ..

æÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÍÊã æÖÚ ÇáÝÇÚá ÃæáÇ Ëã ÇáÝÚá Ëã ÇáãÝÚæá Èå ..

ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáËÇäí : ÇáÖãÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÇÆÑ
Pronouns

Ýí ÇáÈÏÇíÉ áÇÈÏ Ãä äÚÑÝ ãÇåæ ÇáÖãíÑ (pronoun) ¿
ÇáÖãíÑ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ..( ßáãÉ ÊÍá ãÍá Ãæ ÊÃÊí ÈÏíáÇ á ÅãÇ ÇáÅÓã Noun)) Ãæ ÇáÚÈÇÑÉ ÇáÅÓãíÉ (Noun phrase).

ãËÇá
Samia eats apple
áæ ÃÑÏäÇ ÅÓÊÈÏÇá ÅÓã ÓÇãíÉ ÈÖãíÑ ÇáÃäËì ÊÕÈÍ
She eats apple


#æááÖãÇÆÑ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÓÚÉ ÃäæÇÚ ÓäÔÑÍåÇ ÔÑÍÇ æÇÝíÇ#



ÃæáÇ : ÖãÇÆÑ ÅÓã ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ Demostrative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã ÝíåÇ ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊ åÐÇ ÇáäæÚ ÚÏÉ ÖãÇÆÑæåí :

(this/that/these/those/such)
̋臃

That is incredible!
I will never forget this
Such is my belief

ËÇäíÇ # ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ Personal pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊãËá ÃÔÎÇÕ Ãæ ÃÔíÇÁ
æåí ÊäÞÓã ÞÓãíä

ÅãÇ ÃæáÇ * ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍá ãÍá ÇáÝÇÚá Ãæ ãä ÝÚá ÇáÝÚá
Ãæ åí ÇáÊí ÊÓÈÞ ÇáÝÚá Subject personal pronouns
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊåÇ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ #
I, you ,he , she , it , we
I , he , she , it åÐå ÊÓÊÎÏã ááãÝÑÏ
We ÊÓÊÎÏã ááÌãÚ
You ÊÓÊÎÏã Ýí ßáÊÇ ÇáÍÇáÊíä ãÝÑÏ æÌãÚ
̋臃
She took the bus last night
He is aschool boy .
We are Muslims .
I stayed at home.
You need another blanket.
.


ËÇäíÇ * ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍá ãÍá ÇáãÝÚæá Èå
Ãæ åí ÇáÊí ÊÃÊí ÈÚÏ ÇáÝÚá æÇáÝÇÚá Object personal pronouns
æåí äÝÓ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ áßä ãÍæáÉ Åáì ÖíÛÉ ÇáãÝÚæá Èå áÃäåÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã ÈÏÇáå
æåí
Me ,you , him , her ,it , us
̋臃
John took it
Umar gave me abook
We sent you a letter.
He adores her.
I saw it with my own eyes.
They have just invited us to their wedding.
We went with him.


ËÇáËÇ # ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáãáßíÉ Possesive pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÝíÏ ÇáãáßíÉ Ãæ ãáßíÉ ÔíÁ ãÚíä áÔÎÕ Ãæ ãÇÅáì Ðáß
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊ åÐÇ ÇáäæÚ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ #
Mine , yours ,his , hers , ours , yours , theirs
̋臃

This book is mine.

This pencil case is yours.

Mary is a relative of his.

I've found hers.

Ours need watering.

Yours are bigger than mine.

These are your notebooks and those are theirs.




ÑÇÈÚÇ # ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÅäÚßÇÓíÉ Reflexisive pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÔíÑ Åáì ÇáÝÇÚá æÊäÚßÓ Úáíå æÊÕÇÛ Úä ØÑíÞ ÅÖÇÝÉ Self ááãÝÑÏ Ãæ selves ááÌãÚ Åáì ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ #
my, your, our, him, her, it, them
ÝÊÕÈÍ
myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves̋臃
She made this skirt herself
The queen herself was among the demostrators.
The mayor himself spoke for the abolition of the dealth penalty.


ÎÇãÓÇ# ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÇÓÊÝåÇãíÉ Interrogative pronouns
æåí ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã Ýí ÕíÛÉ ÇáÃÓÆáÉ Ãæ áÝÑÖ ÓÄÇá ãÚíä æåí ÇáÊí ÊÈÏÃ È Wh
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí :
what, which, who, whom, and whose. ̋臃 / Examples

What did you say?
ãÇÐÇ ÞáÊ ¿
Who said that?
ãä ÇáÐí ÞÇá Ðáß ¿
Which do you prefer?
ãÇ áÐí ÊÝÖáå¿
æåßÐÇ ...

ÓÇÏÓÇ #ÖãÇÆÑ ÇáäÝí Ãæ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáãäÝíÉ Negative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã áäÝí ÇáÚÈÇÑÉ Ãæ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÇÓãíÉ
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí
no-one, nobody, neither, none and nothing̋臃
áÇ íæÌÏ Nobody is here .
She is neither a British nor American :
åí áíÓÊ ÈÑíØÇäíÉ æáÇ ÃãÑíßíÉ



ÓÇÈÚÇ # ñÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÈÇÏáíÉ Reciprocal pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÝíÏ æÊÔíÑ Åáì ÊÈÇÏá ÔíÁ ãÚíä Èíä ÔÎÕíä
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí :
each other / one anotherãËÇá :
áæ ßÊÈ ÎÇáÏ Åáì ÃÎÊå ÓÇãíÉ ÑÓÇáÉ æßÐáß ßÊÈÊ ÓÇãíÉ ÑÓÇáÉ Åáì ÃÎíåÇ ÎÇáÏ äÞæá ÅÐÇ
They write to each other / one another once a month.
ßáÇåãÇ ÕÍíÍ ..


ËÇãäÇ# ÖãÇÆÑ ÇáæÕá
Relative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÑÈØ ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÈÃÓãÇÁ ãÚíäÉ Ãæ ÖãÇÆÑ ÃÎÑì
æåí :
(who/whoever/which/that)ÇãËáÉ